Summarized list Jewish holidays around the world

Rosh Hashanah - Tishri 1
In list Jewish holidays Rosh Hashanah is the new year holiday for the Jews. Rosh Hashanah is closed to Yom Kippur and the Jews believe that God write their destiny for the new year in this holiday. Before the holiday many Jews rise early in the morning, go to the synagogue and pray for God forgiveness. 

Yom Kippur - Tishri 10
In list Jewish holidays, the is the most important day for the Jewish people. In this day God signs Jewish people destiny for the new year. The 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kipor are called Days of Awe. These days are times for serious introspection, times to consider the sins of the previous year and repent before Yom Kippur.
In Yom Kippor day, Jewish people don't eat or drink. Washing and other pleasures are forbidden. The whole day, from one evening to another, devotes to prayers.

Sukkot - Tishri 15
In Sukkut, Israel people remember the days when they were on their way from Egypt to Israel and live in Sukkot. The word "Sukkot" means booths, which were temporary dwellings for Israel people on those days. Israel people are commanded to live in Sukkot during this holiday. Sukkot is 7 days long.

Simchat Tora - Tishri 22
This holiday symbols the end and start of Tora reading. The synagogue people read the end of Deuteronomy (Devarim) book (Which is the Tora end) and start reading immediately the first chapter of Genesis (Which is the Tora start). The custom in this holiday is to dance with Tora scrolls. As many people as possible are given the honor of carrying a Torah scroll and dance in processions. 

Chanukkah - Kislev 25
This holiday symbols the Hashmonaim victory on the Greeks 165 BC. In Chanuka Israel people light candles 8 days. The candles symbol a miracle. When the Hashmonaim entered the temple in Jerusalem, after their victory, they found only little oil jug to light their lamp. But the lamp light stayed 8 days.
Chanukkah is not a very important religious holiday but a famous one.

Tu B'Shevat - Shvat 15
This holiday is the New Year celebration for the trees. The holiday customs are to eat fruits and to plant trees.
The Tora commands not to eat fruits from a tree in its 4 first years. This holiday helps to count the years for the trees.

Purim - Adar 14
This holiday is to remember that Jewish people living in Persia were saved from extermination. The story of Purim is told in the Biblical Book of Ester.
The Purim story starts with Hamman, Persia king advisor. He wanted to kill all the Persia Jews. Ester, a pretty Jews girl was sent to the talk with the king. She convinced him not to exterminate the Jews. The King didn't like what Hamman planned to do with the Jews and he hanged Hamman.

Pesach (Passover) - Nisan 15
In list Jewish holidays, Passover is the most ancient Israel people holiday. According to the Torah, the holiday is for Egypt exit of Israel people. The holiday was called Passover to remember the miracle that happened to Israel people in Egypt. When God destroyed every Egypt firstborn, God passed over Israel people houses. God didn't destroy Israel people firstborns. After this miracle, Israel people exit Egypt.

Lag B'Omer - Iyar 18
This holiday signs the Bar-Kokheva victory on the Roman Empire in about 135 years to the Christian Counting.. In this holiday, the Jews light fires. The fires symbol the way the Jews sent their victory signals. Bar-Kokheva rule 3 years until the Roman Empire conquered Israel again.

Shavu'ot
This holiday has many names and meanings:
Harvest (Hekatzir) holiday - In this holiday the wheat harvest starts.
Seven weeks (Shavu'ot) holiday - Israel people counted 7 weeks from Egypt exit until they got the Tora.
First Fruits (Bikurim) holiday - On this holiday Israel people brought their first tree fruits to the temple.